/*
 * Code illustrant les differents constructeurs, fourni aux pages 644-645 du
 * chapitre 18 du livre "Programming, Principles and practises using C++"
 * de Bjarne Stroustrup.
 */
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct X {
  int val;
  void out(const string& s, int nv) {
    cerr << this << "->" << s << ": " << val << "(" << nv << ")\n";
  }

  X() {
    out("X()", 0);
    val = 0;
  }  // default constructor
  X(int v) {
    val = v;
    out("X(int)", v);
  }
  X(const X& x) {
    val = x.val;
    out("X(X&)", x.val);
  }                         // copy constructor
  X& operator=(const X& a)  // copy assignment
  {
    out("X::operator=()", a.val);
    val = a.val;
    return *this;
  }
  ~X() { out("~X()", 0); }
};

X glob(2);
X copy(X a) { return a; }
X copy2(X a) {
  X aa = a;
  return a;
}
X& ref_to(X& a) { return a; }
X* make(int i) {
  X a(i);
  return new X(a);
}
struct XX {
  X a;
  X b;
};

int main() {
  X loc(4);
  X loc2{loc};
  loc = X(5);
  loc2 = copy(loc);
  loc2 = copy2(loc);
  X loc3{6};
  X& r = ref_to(loc);
  delete make(7);
  delete make(8);
  XX loc4;
  X* p = new X{9};
  delete p;
  X* pp = new X[5];
  delete[] pp;
}