/*
 * Code illustrant les differents constructeurs, fourni aux pages 644-645 du
 * chapitre 18 du livre "Programming, Principles and practises using C++" 
 * de Bjarne Stroustrup.
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct X{
  int val;
  void out (const string& s, int nv)
  {
    cerr << this << "->" << s << ": " << val << "(" << nv << ")\n";
  }

  X(){out("X()", 0); val=0;} //default constructor
  X(int v){val = v; out ("X(int)", v);}
  X(const X&x) {val = x.val; out("X(X&)", x.val);} //copy constructor
  X& operator=(const X&a) //copy assignment
  {out("X::operator=()", a.val); val=a.val; return *this;}
  ~X() {out("~X()", 0);}
};

X glob(2);
X copy(X a){return a;}
X copy2(X a){X aa = a; return a;}
X& ref_to(X& a) {return a;}
X* make(int i){X a(i); return new X(a);}
struct XX{X a; X b;};

int main(){
  X loc(4);
  X loc2{loc};
  loc = X(5);
  loc2 = copy(loc);
  loc2 = copy2(loc);
  X loc3{6};
  X& r = ref_to(loc);
  delete make(7);
  delete make(8);
  XX loc4;
  X* p = new X{9};
  delete p;
  X *pp = new X[5];
  delete[] pp;
}